美国经济不确定性影响全球市场

美国经济健康状况的不确定性正在全球金融市场引发涟漪,加剧了本已动荡的时期。投资者现在面临着额外的挑战,比如美联储政策的变化、竞争激烈的美国大选,以及对资产估值过高的担忧。

在受到密切关注的劳动力市场数据显示,增长势头放缓的程度超过预期之后,美国股市上周五大幅下跌。这表明,美国实现软着陆的道路更加狭窄,即美联储能够在不严重损害经济增长的情况下控制通胀。

美联储预计将在9月17-18日的会议上降息。然而,最近的数据再次引发了人们的担忧,即数月来的高借贷成本可能对经济产生了负面影响。这一进展对投资者来说是不受欢迎的消息,尤其是在经济增长强劲的背景下降息的前景推动标准普尔500指数今年创下历史新高之后。

Edward Jones高级投资策略师Angelo Kourkafas认为,这些数据表明中国正朝着软着陆迈进,但也突显出市场将会应对的重大下行风险。预计市场波动将继续加剧。

风险偏好减弱的迹象在各个市场都可以看到。标准普尔500指数周五下跌1.7%,过去一周下跌约4.3%,创下自2023年3月以来的最大单周跌幅。英伟达是今年人们对人工智能热情的象征,该公司股价下跌超过4%,接近一个月来的最低水平,其他科技股此前也一路飙升。

上周五,被称为华尔街”恐惧指标”的芝加哥期权交易所市场波动指数升至约一个月来的最高点。

Truist Advisory Services联席首席投资官Keith Lerner表示,他担心美联储可能不会以足够的敏捷性或决心做出回应,以避免更严重的经济衰退。

有几个因素导致了市场的不确定性。上周五的期货交易显示,投资者已经消化了美联储降息25个基点的可能性为70%,降息50个基点的可能性为30%的预期。然而,对许多人来说,这个决定仍然悬而未决。

LPL Financial首席全球策略师Quincy Krosby提出了一个问题,即8月份的就业数据是反映了2019冠状病毒病大流行前劳动力市场状况的恢复,还是经济失去动力的迹象。

其他人则持更为悲观的观点。花旗分析师认为,该报告证明了本月晚些时候降息50个基点的合理性。他们推断,劳动力市场正在经历一段降温期,而这段降温期通常先于衰退阶段。

本周的通胀数据有可能揭示美国经济的潜在实力,并为美联储就可能的利率调整做出决定提供信息。

与此同时,对估值的担忧再次出现。标准普尔500指数今年的上涨幅度超过13%,目前的市盈率接近未来12个月预期收益的21倍。从LSEG Datastream的数据可以看出,这个比率明显高于15.7的历史平均值。

此外,标准普尔500指数中代表该指数最大成分股的科技板块,目前的预期市盈率超过28倍。尽管近期市场低迷,但这一估值远高于21.2的长期平均水平。

Intrepid Capital Management的投资组合经理Mark Travis观察到,在相对较短的时间内取得了重大进展。然而,一些企业开始评估与人工智能相关的成本,并质疑继续投资的可行性。这种自省有可能影响大型科技股。

投资者也在密切关注竞争激烈的美国总统大选,目前大选已进入最后阶段。民主党人卡玛拉·哈里斯和共和党人唐纳德·特朗普之间的竞争可能会在周二吸引投资者,因为两位候选人将在11月5日的投票前进行首次辩论。

回顾历史走势,9月份一直被认为是投资者面临重大挑战的月份,标准普尔500指数的持续下跌就是明证。CFRA的数据显示,自1945年以来,该指数在9月份平均下跌约0.8%,使其成为股市最具挑战性的时期。这一趋势最近一直保持不变,自本月初以来,该指数已经下跌了4%。

NFJ投资集团高级投资组合经理Burns McKinney敏锐地观察到,投资者对经济逐步复苏的可能性持谨慎乐观态度。虽然和谐的经济转型的可能性仍然是可行的,但随后的每一个较弱的就业报告都减少了这种结果的可能性。

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